The
Battle of Stalingrad (23 August 1942 – 2 February 1943)
was a major battle of WWII in which Germany
and its allies fought the Soviet Union
for control of the city of Stalingrad
in the south-western Soviet Union. Marked by constant close quarters combat and disregard for military and civilian casualties
, it is amongst the bloodiest battles in the history of warfare
. The heavy losses inflicted on the Wehrmacht
make it arguably the most strategically decisive battle of the whole war.
It was a turning point in the Eastern European Theater- German forces never regained the initiative in the East
and withdrew a vast military force from the West
to reinforce their losses.
The German offensive to capture Stalingrad began in late summer 1942 using the 6th Army
and elements of the 4th Panzer Army
. The attack was supported by intensive Luftwaffe
bombing that reduced much of the city to rubble. The fighting degenerated into house to house fighting
,
and both sides poured reinforcements into the city. By mid-November
1942, the Germans had pushed the Soviet defenders back at great cost
into narrow zones generally along the west bank of the Volga River
.
On 19 November 1942, the Red Army
launched Operation Uranus
, a two-pronged attack targeting the weaker Romanian
and Hungarian
forces protecting the German 6th Army's flanks.
The Axsi
forces on the flanks were overrun and the 6th Army was cut off and surrounded in the Stalingrad area. Hitler
ordered that the army stay in Stalingrad and make no attempt to break
out; instead, attempts were made to supply the army by air and to break
the encirclement from the outside. Heavy fighting continued for another
two months. By the beginning of February 1943, the Axis forces in
Stalingrad had exhausted their ammunition and food. The remaining
elements of the 6th Army surrendered.
The battle lasted five months, one week, and three days.
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